After former President Donald J. Trump was kicked off Twitter in 2021, conservative entrepreneurs rushed to advertise social media options tailor-made to him and his supporters.

There have been Parler and Gab, Twitter-like websites popular among the many individuals who stormed the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6. Then got here Gettr, a social media app created by one in all Mr. Trump’s former advisers.

That crowded discipline has now narrowed, giving an edge to Fact Social, the platform that Mr. Trump’s firm owns and the place he’s the principle attraction.

In March, Truth Social recorded 1.5 million distinctive guests in the USA as its mother or father firm began buying and selling on the general public markets, up 130 % from the earlier month, in response to Similarweb, a knowledge agency that tracks net visitors. Whereas the app’s customer depend was minuscule in contrast with mainstream social websites, it was 13 occasions the dimensions of the mixed complete recorded by Parler and Gettr.

Fact Social’s closest competitor was Gab, a hotbed for antisemitic and racist posts, which drew 246,000 distinctive guests in March, in response to Similarweb. (Andrew Torba, Gab’s founder, disputed that determine, saying Gab had about 6.5 million distinctive guests in March, however his numbers couldn’t be independently verified.)

Fact Social’s efficiency has main implications for Mr. Trump’s funds. When the app’s mother or father firm, Trump Media & Expertise Group, began buying and selling on the Nasdaq final month, it surged to an $8 billion valuation. Mr. Trump, who owns roughly 58 % of the corporate, was instantly billions of {dollars} richer, giving him a monetary lifeline as he faces tons of of hundreds of thousands of {dollars} in authorized payments tied to the civil and felony instances towards him.

However simply because Fact Social is extra widespread than a few of its opponents doesn’t imply it has a viable enterprise.

Since March, Trump Media’s share value has plummeted, decreasing Mr. Trump’s stake to about $2 billion. In securities filings this month, the corporate revealed that its 2023 income was $4.1 million, all of it from promoting, with $58 million in losses.

Fact Social has outpaced the competitors largely as a result of its rivals have faltered. Gettr was plunged into uncertainty final 12 months when a key investor was arrested on fraud prices. Gab isn’t out there on mainstream app shops, which banned it in 2017 for permitting hate speech. And Parler is attempting to mount a comeback, after it quickly shut down a 12 months in the past amid an possession reshuffle.

Fact Social is “the perfect of a number of unpopular or very area of interest platforms,” mentioned Josephine Lukito, a social media professional on the College of Texas at Austin who has studied Fact Social. “Even with Donald Trump, it doesn’t have the extent of recognition {that a} mainstream platform has.”

Fact Social stays far behind X, previously referred to as Twitter, which has lifted restrictions on fringe political voices since Elon Musk purchased it in 2022. X had almost 115 million distinctive guests in March, greater than 75 occasions the visitors on Mr. Trump’s platform, in response to Similarweb.

In a press release, Shannon Devine, a Trump Media spokeswoman, mentioned Fact Social had a extremely engaged viewers of “hundreds of thousands of customers,” with hundreds of latest ones becoming a member of day by day. She mentioned the corporate had greater than $200 million within the financial institution and no debt.

Trump Media hasn’t revealed a lot in regards to the stage of exercise on Fact Social. In company filings, the corporate omitted information that social media firms sometimes monitor intently, just like the variety of month-to-month or every day lively customers. The corporate hasn’t “relied on any specific key efficiency metric to make enterprise or working selections” as such statistics promote “short-term choice making,” one submitting mentioned.

Nonetheless, Fact Social enjoys one essential benefit over different right-wing apps: Mr. Trump.

After Twitter barred him for posts that incited violence on Jan. 6, 2021, Mr. Trump was approached by two former contestants from his actuality TV present, “The Apprentice.” They provided to place him on the heart of a brand new platform that wouldn’t censor his posts. Mr. Trump agreed to a take care of Fact Social that gave him a majority stake within the firm.

However Fact Social wasn’t the one platform that needed to construct an viewers round Mr. Trump. In July 2021, Jason Miller, one in all Mr. Trump’s former marketing campaign advisers, launched Gettr, which additionally had a Twitter-like format.

The competition was fierce. Gettr executives tracked Fact Social’s progress intently, and Mr. Miller as soon as expressed concern that the app had launched a direct-messaging functionality earlier than Gettr did, two former workers mentioned.

However Mr. Miller’s main focus was persuading Mr. Trump to make use of the location. On TV, he mentioned he had set aside a Gettr handle for the previous president.

The attraction offensive apprehensive Fact Social’s executives, in response to paperwork {that a} former worker supplied to The New York Instances. A every day log that the location’s leaders maintained consists of a number of entries mentioning Mr. Miller’s efforts to lure Mr. Trump. (One entry additionally famous that “Melania actually likes the identify Fact Social.”)

In 2021, legal professionals for Trump Media despatched Mr. Miller a cease-and-desist letter, asking him “to stop recruiting President Trump” and citing Mr. Trump’s contract with Fact Social, in response to a filing.

Mr. Trump caught with Fact Social, and Gettr withered. In February 2023, Mr. Miller left the corporate to hitch Mr. Trump’s presidential marketing campaign. A month later, federal prosecutors charged one in all Gettr’s prime traders, Guo Wengui, with cash laundering and fraud stemming from a variety of his enterprise pursuits.

Mr. Miller declined to remark. Gettr didn’t reply to requests for remark.

Parler additionally tried — and failed — to get Mr. Trump to put up on its website. After the Jan. 6 riot, Apple, Google and Amazon removed the app from their shops, citing points with content material moderation. In 2022, Kanye West agreed to purchase Parler, however the deal fell aside, and the location shut down final 12 months.

Parler is scheduled to relaunch subsequent month, mentioned Elise Pierotti, the corporate’s chief advertising officer. In the mean time, the app is in a testing section and never meant to attract heavy visitors, she mentioned.

As for Mr. Trump, Ms. Pierotti mentioned, “If he’s concerned with our platform and desires to hop on, we’d be open and love that.”

For now, Gab stays Fact Social’s closest competitor. However the platform, based in 2016, has confronted issues for years. In 2017, Google and Apple eliminated it from their app shops, citing the proliferation of hate speech.

Gab’s common month-to-month visitors declined almost 40 % from 2022 to 2023, in response to Similarweb. In an electronic mail, Gab’s Mr. Torba mentioned these numbers had been incorrect as a result of Similarweb depends on information from third-party analytics suppliers that his app doesn’t use. Tom Liu, a vice chairman at Similarweb, mentioned that the agency additionally labored with web service suppliers to collect information, and that it utilized a standard methodology throughout the web sites it evaluated.

Earlier than Trump Media’s public debut final month, there have been indicators that Fact Social’s development was stagnating. The location drew about 100,000 new customers within the six months earlier than the general public providing, in response to estimates by the Stanford Web Observatory, in contrast with almost 250,000 customers in the identical interval a 12 months earlier. However in March, the location’s consumer depend spiked by greater than 100,000.

As a part of a public firm, Fact Social has different benefits, together with publicly traded shares that it might use to make acquisitions or ramp up hiring. On Tuesday, Trump Media mentioned it was near beginning a video streaming service that might focus partly on “content material that has been canceled.”

The platform has additionally outperformed rivals in attracting different conservative candidates, Dr. Lukito mentioned. Earlier than the 2022 midterm elections, 54 Republican candidates posted on Fact Social, her analysis exhibits, in contrast with 37 on Gettr.

These figures remained tiny in contrast with X, which featured posts from 363 Republican candidates.