President Biden, amping up a populist pitch in his re-election marketing campaign, has repeatedly stated he would elevate taxes on the rich and firms to make them pay their “fair proportion.”

Republicans say Mr. Biden has “an unquenchable thirst for taxing the American individuals.” His Republican opponent within the election, former President Donald J. Trump, stated not too long ago that Mr. Biden was “going to provide the biggest, greatest, ugliest tax hike within the historical past of our nation.”

So it would come as a shock that, in simply over three years in workplace, Mr. Biden has reduce taxes general.

The mathematics is easy. An evaluation ready for The New York Occasions by the City-Brookings Tax Coverage Heart, a Washington assume tank that research fiscal points, exhibits that the tax cuts Mr. Biden has signed for people and firms are bigger than the tax will increase he has imposed on large firms and their shareholders.

The evaluation estimates that the tax modifications Mr. Biden has ushered into regulation will quantity to a internet reduce of about $600 billion over 4 years and barely greater than that over a full decade.

“It’s affordable to conclude from these numbers that the Biden tax coverage hasn’t been some sort of radical tax-raising program,” stated Benjamin R. Page, a senior fellow on the heart and creator of the evaluation.

The evaluation strictly seems at modifications to taxes over the course of Mr. Biden’s presidency, together with some direct advantages to individuals and companies that move by way of the tax code. It doesn’t measure the consequences of inflation or sure rules, which Republicans typically label “tax hikes” since they will elevate prices for firms and people.

It additionally doesn’t measure the social or financial advantages of Mr. Biden’s spending insurance policies, or of his regulatory efforts meant to assist shoppers, like cracking down on so-called junk charges and limiting the price of insulin and different medicine.

As a substitute, the evaluation supplies a complete have a look at what Mr. Biden has executed to the tax code, and the way these insurance policies add up.

It’s clear by that measure that his file has not matched his personal ambitions for taxing the wealthy and large firms — or Republicans’ makes an attempt to caricature him as a tax-and-spend liberal.

That’s largely as a result of Mr. Biden has struggled to go his most bold tax-raising plans. “It’s what might be acquired by way of Congress and signed,” Mr. Web page stated. “They have been topic to compromise.”

A White Home spokesman, Michael Kikukawa, stated in an e mail that Mr. Biden was “proud to have reduce taxes for the center class and dealing households whereas cracking down on rich tax cheats and making large firms pay extra of their fair proportion.”

The president’s enacted tax cuts embody incentives for firms to fabricate and set up photo voltaic panels, wind generators and different applied sciences meant to scale back fossil gas emissions, that are a centerpiece of the local weather regulation he signed in 2022. That regulation additionally contained tax cuts for individuals who purchase sure low-emission applied sciences, like electrical automobiles and warmth pumps.

Mr. Biden gave tax breaks to semiconductor factories as properly, as a part of a bipartisan superior manufacturing invoice he signed earlier that yr.

The president additionally included non permanent tax breaks for people and sure companies in his 2021 economic stimulus bill, the American Rescue Plan. The laws expanded a tax credit score for fogeys. It supplied $1,400 direct checks for low- and middle-income People, which have been technically advance funds on tax credit.

Mr. Biden has partly offset all of his tax cuts with a pair of main new levies. Companies at the moment are required to pay a tax after they purchase again their very own inventory. One other tax requires massive firms to pay a minimal 15 % federal revenue tax, even when they qualify for deductions that may have made them owe much less.

The president has additionally directed tens of billions of {dollars} to the Inner Income Service to assist crack down on excessive earners and firms that evade paying the taxes they owe — an effort that can enhance federal tax revenues however doesn’t enhance tax charges.

However the president has struggled to influence Congress — together with a ample variety of Democrats, within the two years his celebration managed the Home and the Senate on his watch — to signal on to a fleet of different proposed tax will increase.

Mr. Biden’s finances requests have been stuffed with concepts for taxing excessive earners and firms. These have failed to achieve traction on Capitol Hill. His most up-to-date finances consists of about $5 trillion of tax will increase unfold over a decade, together with longstanding Democratic plans like elevating the company revenue tax fee to twenty-eight % from 21 %.

Republicans assailed Mr. Biden for tax plans they are saying will cripple the economic system. Consultant Jodey C. Arrington, Republican of Texas and chairman of the Finances Committee, stated in a listening to on Thursday that Mr. Biden believed “in additional authorities and extra spending and extra taxing because the solutions to the issues that our nation faces.”

Mr. Biden has emphasised his tax proposals in latest weeks, together with throughout his State of the Union tackle. The president has repeatedly stated he wouldn’t elevate taxes on individuals incomes lower than $400,000 a yr, whereas calling on millionaires and billionaires to pay extra.

He has additionally vaunted his tax file, as he did this week in Las Vegas. “In 2020, 55 of the most important Fortune 500 firms made $40 billion in income,” Mr. Biden stated. “They paid zero in federal taxes. Not anymore.”

Mr. Biden was referring to the company minimal tax created by the Inflation Discount Act, the 2022 regulation that additionally included the climate-related tax incentives. The Treasury Division has struggled to implement that tax, which firms confronted for the primary time final yr.

The division doesn’t but have knowledge on what number of firms can pay the tax for 2023, officers stated this week.